The Relation of  Zionism with Nazism 1933–1941

By: Hayat El Houweik Atie

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• Introduction

• Zionist-Nazis Relationship 1933 – 1941 

• The Historic Relationship: 1933 – 1942 

• Manglistin’s Tour: 

• Tom Siegief

• Gobbles Overthrow: Crystal Night (Eve): 

• The Confidential Agreement between Stern Gang and the Third Reich

• Reich - Zionist Front against the English 

• A secret hidden for thirty years

Introduction

Munich was the first place determined by the organizers of the First Zionist Congress held in 1897. The aggressive attitudes taken by the German Council of Rabbis and the eminent Jewish figures there against the Zionist movement and its project, and their absolute refusal to hold the first Zionist Congress in their city played an important role in transferring the place of the congress into Basel, Switzerland.

 The Jewish German community’s attitude against Zionism was not the only one. It somehow included most of the westerner Jews who didn’t believe that their existence is based on the hopes and spiritual sentiments that the Jews of Eastern Europe possessed. In fact, westerner Jews were integrating in the cultural web of their countries. They considered political Zionism a threat to the Jews, and their safety and freedom which they had gained. 

“The obedience of the Jewish sect was for the country it was dwelling and became a part of its people…A new stage has begun when the Jews started declaring that they were French, British, or Germans who believed in Judaism.”

 Reaching the climax of the economic and social results of the industrial revolution was a new quality point in the nineteenth century that raised new, unprecedented challenges for the intellects of that period that the European societies weren’t able to comprehend.

 At that time, the population in Europe increased from 187 million in 1800 into 226 million in 1850 and then to 401 million by 1950. 

In Russia, where a great number of Jews lived (Judaist from Kharaz origins), the population increased from 73 million in 1861 into 125 million in 1897.

 During the decade extending from Hertzl’s publishing to his book “The Jewish State” until the First World Jewish Congress was convened, a harsh starvation hit Eastern Europe in 1891. A devastating economical crisis followed in 1900.

 While confronting these challenges, two schools emerged in Europe:

 The first school called its supporters to search for solutions for the economical and social dilemmas in the uprising European societies through work to increase production, and through eliminating social differences among the societies’ classes and levels. In the same scope, supporters of this theory called for modernizing the Jews, ending their isolation, and merging them in the societies where they were born as a part of ethnic and religious minorities’ participation in the political and cultural lives of their countries.

 The second school supporters believed that the solution of the dilemmas is to get rid of them and export them abroad through encouraging immigration and strengthening the ideology of colonization and practicing it to the maximum using all means possible even if it were to lead to exterminating barbarian peoples in order to achieve many goals such as:

1.      Obtaining raw materials for the uprising industries at very low prices

2.      Finding new markets for the excess productions

3.      Getting rid of the so called “population surplus”

 Ethnic and religious minorities came high on the list as for the third goal. They were to be used to serve their colonial objectives and to form advanced bases for the colonial authorities that help them oppress and control these occupied peoples.

 Supporters of the latter school highly resisted all attempts of modernizing the Jews and refused the merging solution for the Jewish issue. They supported the strategic thoughts which formed the Zionist thoughts. They even participated in spreading them amongst the Jews who were controlled by three directions.

 The first was integration. Supporters of this direction believed that Judaism, as any other religion, has its believers from many nationalities. Therefore, they called for modernizing the Jews’ life and help mixing them in their societies which had entered a new era of progress and evolution.

 The second direction was so strict. The supporters were called Hardim. They rejected all forms of modernization and refused to go out from seclusions and isolations and amalgamate in the uprising European communities. They also refused any form of salvation before the arrival of Christ the Savior. 

The third current was Zionism which supported modernizing Jews and Judaism, insisting on the integration solution. On the contrary, they called for and worked on refusing the integration of the Jews, particularly the poor, in their societies. They also worked on exporting them into colonies, thus working in harmony with the European colonial project which endeavored to export all problems overseas.

 Leaders of the Zionist Movement exploited any tyranny that may hit the poor Jews to serve their interests and goals. The anti-Semitism trend was the best supporter and aid to the ideologies and orientation of these leaders.

 The Russian Minister of Interior Von Bliefie wrote to Hertzl in the summer of 1903 saying:

 “The Russian government may take a very biased attitude about Zionism as long as it endeavors to establish an independent state in Palestine and as long as it aims to organize the immigration of a good number of Jews outside Russia.”

 Lord Krome said, “Easing up has ended the solidarity and disobedience of the westerner Jews. On the other hand, tyranny and oppression in eastern Europe has rooted the ideology of national deliverance and made the more enthusiast Jews prefer tyranny which fuels up the nationalism in stead of putting it out.”

 David Ben-Gurion confirmed this when he said on December 7, 1937, “The Jewish issue is not a matter or thousands of Jews threatened with extermination any more, but has become a problem of a Jewish national homeland.” He added, “If our people were filled with mercy and directed its efforts to save the Jews in various countries, this would lead to cross out Zionism from history.” The next year, Ben-Gurion stated as follows:

 “If I had known that it were possible to save all the Jewish children of Germany by sending them into England, in return for saving half of them and sending them to Palestine, I would have chosen the second solution. We have to take into consideration that the lives of these children are nothing without the history of the people of Israel.”

These ideas and perspectives in addition to the formation of racism from a common origin where an inner relation was established between Zionism and Nazism is the issue researched by Hayat El Houweik Atie in the present survey.

Walid Mohamad Ali

General Director of Baheth For Studies

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Zionist-Nazis Relationship

1933 – 1941

The topic of this study is to discus the Zionist-Nazis relationship during the period extending from 1933 to 1941, that is, as of Hitler’s arrival to office on January 30, 1933 until 1941. Undoubtedly, this relation had been through many contradicting phases that ranged from ideological similarity to antagonism, as well as periods of close and intimate cooperation pursuant to official signed agreements and programmed sub-agreements. Some of these agreements were publicly released whereas others remained confidential after the defeat of the Third Reich and its unconditional surrender which made the access to them prohibited for two main reasons:

 The devotion and adherence of the triumphant to verify its official story for history.

 The devotion and adherence of the parties who cooperated, one way or another, with the defeated party to conceal this cooperation so that they could evade the consequences and so that they could join the prosecution and conviction to benefit from the victory and the support of the triumphant.

 Since this accusation and conviction were not only found in the events and the behavior in administrating policy and war but also went far to reach ideology, we should begin with an introduction that rapidly compare and contrast the ideologies, Zionism and Nazism (all the way through Fascism) before we start elaborating the critical period mentioned above.

 It should be noted that the introduction shall only present a quick idea about a topic that needs a lot of shedding light on as well as examinations and inspections.

 In a book entitled ‘Un Juif Libre’ released in 1976, Researcher Michele Rachlin compares some excerpts of ‘My Struggle’ and ‘The Old Testament’ and concludes that they are identical.

 In another book entitled ‘L’histoire du mechant Dieu’ issued in 1988, another surveyor, Pierre Grebary, continues the same comparison and concludes by saying:

 “Whether we like it or not, context is so evident: Mosses Law is a martial law. We also must not hesitate to say that it is the most classical law of this kind, the most ancient context, and the most violent that preaches for an ideology of racism that begins from the first approaches until its most extremists.

 Although it is true that the human race didn’t wait the Bible (Old Testament) to kill, there is no context that made massacres a religious obligation due to the impurity of the other race. Judaism, therefore, is really the racism with the divine right.”

 In the same scope, Hans F.K. Gunther says, “Hitler’s awareness of the role, mission or message is linked with an oriental nature force.”

 Nahoum Goldman also says, “There is a fundamental identity for the Nazis Germans and Jews which is to encounter the common destiny as a divine mission.”

 When the racist theorist Julius Streicher was asked in a Nuremberg Court whether he had participated in putting the martial laws passed by the Congress of the Nazis Party, he answered, “Yes, I have always written demanding to prevent merger and integration between Jewish and Nazis bloods. I have also said that we have to take the Jewish race or people as an example. Jewish laws were enforced and taken as an example in Nuremberg Laws… it is the origin of Judaism that, due to its laws, it could survive for centuries whereas other races and civilizations had extinct.”

 Also, Chaim Cohen who was a judge at the Supreme Court in Israel said, “Destiny’s sarcasm had played a role in making the racist and biological theories adopted by the Nazis and were behind the Laws of Nuremberg be the same used to identify the Jewish character in Israel.”

 We should stop here to notice two things: 

1.      Evident similarity in Streicher’s answer between the race and the people. This interprets the two ideologies: Nazism and Zionism. On the contrary, we notice that the term ‘people’ in all antiracist theories means the entity where all races melt in a unity that doesn’t recognize segregation.  

2.      Disintegration of Jews is considered a survival whereas integration among races in a social and civilized mélange (we understand as nationalism) is considered extinction.

 This reminds us of a Jewish Anti-Zionist researcher, Gomblo Witch, who considered the entire dilemma of the Jews that they have not known how to melt and merge like Phoenicians. This theory has made the Zionist Theodore Lasing say, ‘Witch is an example of self- antipathy.’

 Someone may say that this racist concept is evident in Zionist right-wingers in a full concept entitled by Japotinski’s famous quote:

“The origin of the national feeling is found in the blood of the human being on the physical-racial pattern… the spiritual vision of the human being is fundamentally determined by his physical structure. This is why we don’t believe in spiritual integration.

 From a physical point of view, it is imaginable for a Jew, who was born to a Jewish pure blood family, to become able to adapt with the spiritual prospective of a German or French. He may sink in a Germanic fluid, but the nucleus of his structure shall always be Jewish.”

 However, the Zionist left-wing doesn’t differ much from this prospective. Ben-Gurion condemned integration harshly and he used to despise ‘integrated Jews’. Shimon Peres adopts the same idea in a ‘Conversation avec Shimon Peres’ for Robert Little released in 1996.

 This is completely identical with the Nazis theory that classified Jews into two categories: the integrated Jews who are the enemies of Nazism, and the Zionist Jews who are the potential allies.

 Robert Wiltch, editor in chief of the Jewish Randshow, wrote in the editorial of the issue of April 4, 1933 saying, “Nazism has offered a historic opportunity to confirm the Jewish identity and to retrieve the respect the Jews had lost due to integration. They owe Hitler and Nazism.”

 Soul Fredlander in his ‘L’allemagne nazie et les juifs’ published in 1997 by Souie House, France, agreed and added:

“Race as a set of physical and mental characters that are passed by the power of traditions and genes has been used by the Jews themselves from Moshe Haas to Martin Poper, particularly in three lectures the latter had delivered in Prague in 1911 and published under the title of ‘Three Jewish Addresses’. The same concept survived in Germany after World War II. Ludwig Hollander, the President of the Central Association of the German Jews (Zentralverin) in 1928 confirms that the problem that faces the Jewish community is that the Jews have formed a race since the biblical era due to their common origin. He also wonders whether this concept is still applicable on the modern Jews and answering his question in the same time: Next of kin does still exist. In other words, the racial characters still exit though they have become less apparent. It is still present in the physical and mental features.”

 Fredlander also mentions a newsletter released in 1932 for the author Gustav Krojanker entitled ‘About the Problem of the Modern German Nationalism’ which confirms that the Zionist rebellion on liberalism is a response and compliance with the obligations of blood and must allow for a profound understanding for the political evolution in Germany.

 If we were stopping here, it is because the newsletter was published in 1932, that is, the year that preceded Hitler’s arrival to the power in Germany after we had studied 1911 and 1928. We cannot discuss all the theories of Moshe Haas, mentioned earlier by Fredlander, who had lived in the nineteenth century (1812 - 1875) and who had called for the Jews return to Palestine supported by Napoleon III who is famous for his quote “What makes history is the clashes among classes and races” thus confirming the radical contradiction between the Arian race and Semitic one.

 Also, we cannot expose the relationships of Hertzl and Giatslav Belhelv the Non-Semitic Minister of the Cesar in 1903.

 We cannot also expose a lot of surveys and books about Judaism such as “Jews As A Race”, Aniasi Morisi Judith, Polish Jew, 19^th Century – “Race Delima”, Anias Zolchan, Austrian Jews, 1909 – Hackel Gobino books – the US Maurice Fushberg “Distinguished Racial Relations of the Jews”, 1912, or “Jews As A Race Or A Cult”, German Jew Fritz Khan, in addition to the Byelorussian Arthur Robin writings (1930) who settled in Palestine in 1907 and became the Director of Colonization in the World Zionist Agency as of 1926, whom we shall return to after discussing the Havara Treaty.

 In another point, Zeif Sternhell, the Israeli researcher in his book “Aux Israel, entre nationalisme et soscialisme origins d” in 1996, said

“Labor Zionists who ran the Jewish Agency were not democratic socialist, but nationalist socialist who were affected by the Germanic Nationalist (Volkisch) and Souriel’s theory about the legend.”

 This is confirmed through their speeches about the ‘power of the legend’ and their work on it starting with Theodore Hertzl at the beginning who mentioned many disadvantages of Palestine (as a Jewish national homeland for the Jews), but contrasted that all of these disadvantages doesn’t equal the power of the legend.

 This legend’s bases are not only the purity of the race, rejection to integrate and racial segregation, but also the principles of racial demolition and transfer.

 Therefore, the Nazis final solution, as proved by the historians, meant transferring the Jews outside the Third Reich or to detention camps without meaning the programmed demolition where some had died inhumanely there like other detainees.

 Moreover, the Jewish Zionist programmed transfer against the inhabitants of Palestine and collective demolition practiced against them goes back to Joshua through Sharon, including all the leaders of Israel.

 ‘And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities;....’ (Numbers 21/3)

 ‘So they smote him, and his sons, and all his people until none was left him alive, and they possessed his land.’ (Numbers 21/35)

  If the cornerstone justifying these inhumane concepts is the belief in the superiority idea springing from the divine alternative which classifies, then the Arian superiority, tentatively and applicably rejected, is nothing but an evidence to the ancient-modern Jewish superiority. 

From the bible (old testament) to Rabbi Cohen in his book ‘Talmud’ published by Payot in Barret in 1986, who says, “Peoples of the world may be classified into two parts: Israel and the other nations. Israel is the chosen people: this is an essential ideology.”

There are many similar statements of Israeli figures and Rabbis inside and outside Israel.

Top

The Historic Relationship: 1933 – 1942

This paper shall be concise to the title since there were some contradicting Jewish attitudes which we shall not expose for two reasons: 

-         Determining the topic and lack of time and space

-         These attitudes were not effective and didn’t inflict any significance on the relation and politics.

 As of 1933, the most important events are hereby summarized in this following timeline: 

·        January 30: Hitler reaches Chancellery

·        March 5: Nazis Party gets the majority in the Bundestag

·        March 13: American Jewish Council boycotts Germany

·        April 1: German Retaliation: Passing the Legislation of Non-Arians

·        April 7: Legislation of reorganizing public posts

·        April: Secular Manglistin’s visit to Palestine

·        June 21: Memorandum is issued

·        July 14: Nationality Act

·        August 7: Signing Havara

·        August 30: Objection of the Central Association

·        October..: Inauguration of a marine direct line between Hamburg and Haifa to transfer immigrants under the supervision of Hamburg Rabbis

 Hitler’s occupation of the Chancellery was not enough to the prevalence of his Party’s policy until his party gained the majority in the Bundestag on March 5, 1933. Eight days later (forty days after his arrival), Joseph Tonenbaum, a member of the American Jewish Council, suggested boycotting Germany. It was not a good idea because it was suggested two years earlier.

 Britain immediately responded to the idea where shops’ windows were filled with slogans of boycotting German goods and tourists.

 However, the President of the German Zionists Union and the President of the Central Association of the Jews declared their objection to the policy of the American Jewish Council. Demonstrations took to the streets uplifting this slogan returned by many other demonstrations in many US cities the next day.

 Hitler responded gradually. First, he organized a symbolic day for boycotting the Jewish commercial institutions, though he intended to do more than this, in order not to aggravate the economical situation in his country, and when Titz grand commercial network was about to bankrupt, he ordered a big loan to save it.

 On the contrary, boycotting German goods grew in USA, Britain, France, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Poland.

 Before this deterioration, there were two attitudes: the first was the attitude of the Central Association of the Jews, headed by Ludwig Hollander who refused Zionism and any other claims that say Jews are of different race and who believed in belonging to the German nation and rejects any measures to be taken against Germany.

 The second attitude was that of the Zionist organizations which publicly decides the issuance of the memorandum of June 21 by the Zionist Organization in Germany (Z.V.F.D.), which is described by the historian Francis Nicozia, “It seems as if it were calling for sympathizing with Hitler, and Zionism were identical with his principles.”

 The said memorandum stated:

“Zionism doesn’t build any illusion about the difficult situation of the Jewish status which mainly characterized by an abnormal social structure, and a cultural, intellectual special status rooted in a special heritage. Zionism had understood long time ago that the deterioration and retardation aspects have emerged due to the trend to integration. Zionism thinks that the renaissance of the nationalist life of the Jewish people, which occurs today in Germany but with Christianity and the nationalist features, is what is supposed to happen within the Jewish nationalist group. As for the Jewish people too, the national origin, religion, feeling of common destiny, individuality and superiority must take a decisive meaning as it builds its future…

 We believe that the New Germany, in specific, can find a solution, if there is determination, for a problem that must be solved for all the European nations. Our recognition in the Jewish nationalism offers us the basis of a real friendship with the German people, its real national and racial facts. And since we specifically don’t wish to sabotage these key data (we are also against mixed marriages and want to preserve the purity of the group), we reject any interlacing in the cultural aspects… in order to reach these practical goals, Zionism hopes to cooperate with any government even if its an anti-Jewish one. There is no place for feelings in solving the Jewish issue, but to solve a real problem that all the peoples are interested in solving at this time, especially that the propaganda against boycotting the German people, and as it is being done, is substantially a propaganda against Zionism.”

 Although many similar statements were issued after this memorandum, Robert Wiltch had written in the editorial of Randshow of the issue of April 4, 1933 saying, “Nazism has offered a historic opportunity to confirm the Jewish identity and to retrieve the respect the Jews had lost due to integration. They owe Hitler...”

 On April 7 the Law of reorganizing public posts was ratified so that opponents can be expelled from the governmental system, starting with communists. Nonetheless, what was known as the ‘Arian Section’ was targeting the Jews. But they were not affected due to two reasons: 

1.      There was few of them in the governmental system

2.      Interference of the Veteran Jewish Warriors Association lead to exclude all those who have lost their fathers or children in World War I and all the Jews who had been working for the state as of August 1, 1914.

 All laws to be followed had the same destination: increasing the number of the Jews students in schools, lawyers, doctors, agricultural properties or cultural institutions.

 These laws were crowned with the Nationality Act: “The Law of canceling naturalization and recognizing the German Nationality” which aimed to cancel naturalization which occurred between November 9, 1918 and January 30, 1933. The said law targeted the Jews of Eastern Europe in particular. However, all of this didn’t impact the positive statements from both sides.

 But, what are the political relations that were behind all these supportive and enthusiastic declarations?

 What was going on secretly between the Nazis and Zionists, especially between the German Intelligence and Office of the Jewish Affairs?

Manglistin’s Tour:

 In the spring of 1933, four persons met at Berlin Station to take the train into Trest. From there, they were to get on board Martha Washington, which is a ship used to take Jewish immigrants into Palestine. The strange issue here was the formation of the team. Two Jewish couple, Techler, sent by the Zionist Union in Germany and Two Nazis couple (Van Milgen) sent by the Nazis governmental system. The purpose of that trip that lasted six months was to conduct a thorough report about the possibility of settling German Jews in Palestine. Most historians agree that Adolph Hitler didn’t have any integrated policy about the Jewish issue until the Crystal Eve, the night of 9/10 November 1938, despite his tentative statements and some other measures such as boycotting the Jewish Germans as of April 1933 and ratifying the project about the Non-Arians, one week later.

 This undetermined attitude permitted the Office of the Jewish Affairs at the German Intelligence (SS) to attempt all possible solutions. The trip of Barron Leopold, which is completely forgotten today, came in this direction.

 Milgnisten was not marginal or not serious. He was a member in the SNAP and a high-ranking officer in the secret service. Before 1933, he was also assigned to prepare an accurate report about the Jewish immigration since the government had not reached a satisfactory solution for this issue. This enabled the German Intelligence to possess, before any other authority system, accurate elements that made it hold tightly the ramifications of the Jewish issue from 1934 to 1936 since it was the only organization which had accurate information about this topic. Milgentsen was an engineer who was born in Prague in 1902. Since early studying stage, he was interested in the Jewish issue and participated in the meetings of various Jewish groups. He then joined the German Intelligence as one of the genius experts in Judaism and as a Zionist enthusiast who was one of the first persons who noticed the importance of the existence of Jewish organizations.

 At that time, Milgensten wrote a series of twelve articles fully documented under the title of ‘A Nazi wondering in Palestine’ in the Berlin-based Der Angriff daily supervised by Gobbles. In these articles, he expresses his intensive admiration in Zionism and the sportive spirit the early Jewish settlers possessed. He concludes that, “the Jewish national homeland in Palestine shall be a mark in healing an old injury that ways back to many eras: the Jewish issue.” In commemoration of that trip, a special medal was made upon the personal request of Gobbles. On one of its faces, the swastika was carved whereas David’s star was on the other. Few months later, Melgensten was assigned to the Jewish Affairs Division of the Nazis Ministry of Security so that he could more effectively support the Zionist efforts pertaining to immigration. “The German Intelligence has become the most Zionist part in the Nazis Party,” Berna wrote. Barron Van Melgensten became more enthusiastic for the Zionist issue after visiting Palestine. This has led him to study Hebrew and he collected Hebrew tapes. He became at the top of the Jewish Department in the Nazis Security Service and when his friend Kurt Tutchler, the Jew who had accompanied him to Palestine, visited him at his new office in 1934, Melgensten welcomed him according to the traditional folk Jewish rituals. On the walls of his office, charts that show the rapid evolution of Zionism in Germany were hanged.

 Ironically, Melgensten was the one who assigned Adolph Ichman to the Department of the Jewish Affairs in the Security Service. When Ichman was on trail in Israel years later, as the organizer of the Final Solution he had to testify that Melgensten was a moderate, just and sincere man who had endeavored to find a just solution for the Jewish issue.

 Immediately after this trip, and after many deliberations, the newspaper of the secret service (Das Schwarze Krops) officially announced its support for Zionism. “It is too soon that Palestine shall be able to receive its children who had been expelled for more than one thousand years accompanied by their good wishes and the state’s as well.”

 This progress in the relation was associated with the aggravation of the international economical besiege on Germany which gave birth to the idea of trading canceling the boycott in return for activating and organizing immigration to Palestine. As a result, Havara Treaty was reached.

 At the beginning, it was just an idea for Sam Cohen, manager of a settlements firm (Hanouta) in Palestine, who then suggested it to the German Consul Henriech Wolf to achieve a mutual interest for both parties. It stipulated that the company breaks the economical besiege in return for organizing the immigration of Jews to Palestine and not to any other place. Immigrants were to deposit their assets in Germany and Hanouta was to buy goods and agricultural equipment, not only for the settlements but also to flood the Arab market and then Hanout would pay back the amounts and the firm benefit from the profits. 

When Germany approved of the idea, Zionist World Organization declared its approval of the principle but expressed its sorrow because the treaty was made with a private firm.

 A dispute came up, and the German ended it up when they brought Sam Cohen and one of his assistants with a representative of the German Jewish Union and two persons form Palestine who were the manager of the Anglo-Palestinian Bank and the Director of Colonization in the World Zionist Agency, Arthur Rubin. Cohen had to waive his right and establish a unit under the management of Eliazar Hoffmann after Chaim Orlozorof, Ben-Gurion’s delegate, interference. Tom Sigief affirmed that Orlozorof went there to pave the way for the agreement and came back to be assassinated by the Reconsidering Jews.

 On August 7, 1933, the official signing to the agreement was made at the German Ministry of Economy by the representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arthur Rubin from the World Jewish Agency, on one side, and a high executive officer from the Third Reich, from the other.

 After exchanging the official documents between the parties, a company called Baltreu was established in Berlin and another one called Havara in Tel Aviv.

 A direct marine line was established between Hamburg and Haifa harbors under the supervision of the Rabbis in Hamburg. This line provided the immigration to sixty thousand Jews (about 10%, 73% of them preferred Eastern Europe until 1938) between 1933 and 1939.

 149 million dollars were transferred as Eliaho Ben-Elissar and Filsenfield admitted. The latter wrote saying:

 “The action made by Havara had the greatest effect on the country’s evolution. Some of the most important factories and firms owe their existence to Havara.”

 We could understand that if we knew that every immigrant had to at least deposit the amount of one thousand sterling pounds in a private account in Berlin (that is the income of bourgeoisie family for three years). The immigrant had the right to send goods totaling 20 thousand francs.

 German-Zionist cooperation based on the agreement signed in August 1933 known as Havara Agreement (Transfer) which was reached as a result of many meetings between the German government and Chaim Orlozorof, Secretary General of the Jewish Agency, which the Palestinian branch of the World Zionist Agency. Pursuant to this agreement, two companies were established: Havara in Tel Avivi and Baltreu in Berlin. Every immigrant had to at least deposit the amount of one thousand sterling pounds in a private account in Germany, which is stipulated by the English to permit residence in Palestine, and which was equal to the income of bourgeoisie family for three years. The immigrants had the right to send goods totaling 20 thousand francs, and some time more by sea.

 The deposited amounts in Berlin were used to buy German goods that were sent to Palestine and the Jewish company resold these goods there. The revenues of these sales were used to fund Jews who arrived in Palestine. The German interest in this process was that the Zionist were breaking the besiege against the German goods and distributed the latter themselves. The Zionist interest was to break isolation and oblige the immigrants to go to Palestine and nowhere else.

 The Zionist conference convened in August 1933 in Prague discussed the Havara issue for a long time in the presence of two German representatives. The World Zionist Organization refused a suggestion to actively participate in the besiege imposed on Germany. Havara agreement was conveyed to the next Zionist conference which was held in August and September 1935 in Switzerland where it was approved of and ratified. In Luzern, the Havara system was transferred to the direct control of the Zionist Executive Committee as a part of transferring all the operations that were operated by the Anglo-Palestinian Bank at that time. The World Zionist Organization was permitted to open vocational and agricultural training centers for the potential immigrants from Germany. They also organized Hebrew language lessons in major cities. A newspaper named Judishe Rundschau was established. The mission of this newspaper was to convey the Zionist speech to the families and homes. Havara didn’t stop working as the war broke out. Anyway, the most important thing is what has been unknown until now was that many other countries imitated the Havara system such as Poland in 1937 and Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Italy in 1939. 

Most Havara business was through insurance companies established in Germany and Palestine. Before leaving Germany, the immigrant had to deposit his money at a German insurance company who in return used these amounts to buy equipment and goods and sent them to Palestine. Customers who had ordered the goods paid their prices into a local insurance company who repaid the Jewish immigrants arriving from Germany the amounts they had paid there. The system was complicated but profitable for all parties: the Reich wanted to get rid of its Jews, break the siege and operate its factories. As for the Zionists, they could choose the Jewish elite to send them to Palestine as an obligatory target. The Zionist had repeatedly withheld the possibility of the Jewish immigration form Germany and Eastern Europe when their destination was not Palestine. In that way, one hundred thirty million dollars, which was a great amount that later helped in the economical growth of the Hebrew state, was transferred. Because of the Havara system, the number of Jews which emigrated from Germany between 1933 and 1939 was sixty thousand Jews (about 10% of the total number of Jews in Germany) and 15% of the total Jews in Palestine in 1939. This immigration was conducted under excellent conditions. Tom Siegief says that the Jewish immigrants that were laid off kept on receiving the welfare pensions from the funds of the Third Reich even when they were in Palestine.

 The Jewish Agency responsible for immigration to Palestine which was controlled by the Zionist was not interested in the harsh situation the German Jews experienced. Its main concern was their capabilities and abilities to work. “Incoming human resources from Germany are becoming worse,” the Jewish Agency complains in 1934, “they don’t have the desire to work, they aren’t proficient, and they need social assistance.” Tom Siegief also mentions that the Agency sent in 1939 to Berlin a list of names that should not be permitted to go to Palestine. Siegief also reveals that the Social Advisor of the Zionist Agency has repeatedly asked to send back this bunch of sick and poor to the Nazis Germany so that they don’t become a burden on the pioneers (Uchvim). The Zionist Agency also complained of receiving many business men who had children whereas singles were to given the advantage. In 1935, it was decided that permit for immigration were to be given to make sure that these immigrant didn’t become a burden on the country (…). Any person who worked in business or any other activity wouldn’t get a permission to immigrate in any way unless he were a Zionist enthusiast.

 As of 1933 – 1935, the World Zionist Organization refused two thirds of the German Jews immigration applications. They preferred to systematically grant priority for youth. Bril Kaznilson, owner of Davar international Zionist newspaper, describes this criteria adopted by Zionism by saying: “German Jews were old, and were not able to bring children in Palestine. They didn’t have any handicraft professions that help in making Zionist ships. They didn’t also speak Hebrew and weren’t Zionists. Instead of these Jews who were threatened with demolition, the World Zionist Organization brought six thousand youths who were trained in USA, England and other safe countries. Unfortunately, the World Zionist Organization not only quit searching for an initiative to save the German Jews, but also refused all efforts to find a refuge for those Jews fleeing Germany.” 

These pieces of information coincide with the statements of Roger Garoudi when he quoted from Bar Zohar’s Book “Ben-Gurion: The Armed Prophet” that Rudolph Castner negotiated Ichman to facilitate the immigration of 1684 useful Jews to Israel in return for Castner’s attempt to persuade 46 thousand Hungarian Jew that transferring them to Auschwitz was just as a change of their place of residence. 

The book also points out the scandal that occurred during Ichman’s trail when he demanded the judge to put Castner on trail because he interfered with a false testimony in Nuremberg to save one of his Nazis conversers and because he concealed that his interference was in the name of the Zionist Agency and the Jewish International Council.

 On 14.07.1955, Dr. Moshe Carin wrote in Haaretz demanding to convict Castner, but Yediot Ahranot clarified that if Castner were to be put on trial, the entire government would collapse due to what that trail would reveal. It all ended up when Castner was assassinated on the stairs of the Justice Palace, and the court then rendered a verdict that found him not guilty.

Nuremberg Laws:

 After the accelerated activity in implementing Havara, and in 1934, Rabbi Joachim Brenz, who later became Deputy of the Zionist International Organization, wrote hailing the German Revolution:

 “We want to exchange integration with a new law: Recognition in belonging to the Jewish race and nation. A nation built on the purity of race cannot be but respected and supported by the Jew who also declares his belonging to his own people. As he declares so, he cannot be but obedient and belonging to a state. This state doesn’t need but those Jews who declare their belonging to their own nation. It doesn’t need flattering and crawling Jews. It has to ask for our belief and loyalty for our own interests. One who glorifies his origin and blood is the only person who can respect and glorify the national will of other nations.”

Nuremberg Laws responded to this desire in the next year (1935) which consisted of the famous three laws: 

1.      Law of the Reich Flag

2.      Citizenship Law

3.      Law of protecting the German blood and honor.

 It is firstly noted that the Jews were prohibited from hoisting the Reich’s Flag, but they were the only group that was permitted to hoist there own flag.

 It is also noted that a common factor existed between Hitler’s, Germans’ and Zionists’ visions to these laws.

 The Nazis Party’s newspaper reported that when the Fuhrer met with the Party’s officials to clarify these laws he said, “These nationalist and socialist laws represent the only way to establish acceptable relations with the Jews … and they also present many abilities in their national lives that have never been available for them in any country.”

 We also find another Jewish historian (David Banquee) who confirms that the Germans supported these laws because it matches their racial policy and stabilize limits for the Anti-Semitic activities.

 Soul Fredlander also affirms that the German Jews believed that the new legislation shall erect a recognized structure.

 A new base for relation between the German people and the Jews who lived in Germany was established.

 On September 26, the secret service newspaper (Der Schwarze Korps) said, ‘Recognizing the Jewish group as racial group that is built on blood not on religion leads the German government to secure the racial unity of this group. The government finds itself in complete agreement with the grand movement of this group which is called Zionism and which recognizes the solidarity of all Jews of the world and refuses any concept of integration. Accordingly, Germany takes the initiative to pass measures that shall definitely play a significant role in solving the Jewish issue in the world.’

 Reactions from German Zionists were more enthusiastic. Judishe Rundschau publishes an enthusiastic editorial the next day (17 September):

 “Germany … responds to the demands of the World Zionist Congress when it declares that the Jews currently residing in Germany are a nationalist minority. In case of recognizing Jews as a nationalist minority, it is then possible to establish normal relations again between the German nation and the Jewish nation. The new laws provide the Jewish minority with the opportunity to lead its own life. In short, the Jewish people can form its own future at all features of its nationalist life… The project which changes the situation from the sect status into the nation one shall be encouraged and this participation shall lead to the best of relations between the two nations.”

 Dayer Israeliet, the Jewish Orthodox magazine also adopted the same attitude and expressed its absolute support to prevent mixed marriages (19 September 1935).

 In return, Das Schwarze Krops newspaper in its editorial wrote on March 15, 1935: “It is too soon that Palestine shall be able to receive its children who had been separated from it for more than one thousand years accompanied by their good wishes and the good intention of the state as well.”

Two months later, Heidrech wrote in the same newspaper saying:

 “Zionist call for a racial concept. They help through immigration in building their own Jewish state. Our official best wishes and good intentions to them.”

 Alfred Rosenberg, the racist theorist, expressed his full support for Zionism in an interview with L’echo de Paris, issue of May 30, 1935.

 The Reich officials were waiting Zionists to encourage Jews on immigrating to Palestine. In this scope, Francis Nicozia quotes Hanzel Mredinthal, President of the Zionists Union in Germany:

 “Gustabo endeavored to encourage immigration, especially to Palestine. Most often we were assisted by this service whenever we needed it with other countries in order to encourage immigration.”

Furthermore, George Landauer, one of the subscribers to the Havara, had a letter from Ben-Gurion dated 21 January 1935, which included the authorization of the Jewish Agency to Landauer to discuss the issues of vocational training of the potential immigrants. At that time and date, there were forty vocational and agricultural training centers. By orders from Heidrech, farms were at the disposal of the Zionists and organized Hebrew language lessons in many cities.

 It is likely due to the elective criteria that the Jewish Agency endeavored for by obtaining permissions for immigration after it complained in 1933 that the German human resources coming from Germany are from worse to worst.

 And after Henrietta Szold who operated the Social Labor Unit in the Agency complained from the sick and poor among the immigrants. From time to time, she demanded that some of these ‘cases’ be returned to Germany so that ‘they don’t become a burden on the pioneers’.

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Tom Siegief

 Meanwhile, at the beginning of 1935, Mendelsten appointed Adolph Ichman in charge of working on the Jews while Shreoder was assigned to work on the integrated Jews. Heinz Hohen, the historian, ascertains that Ichman was not Anti-Semitic but he had Jewish family members and he had a Jewish girlfriend, and owed his position in the finance business for the Jews.

He dedicatedly studied the Zionist movement and Hebrew language after his assignment. He wrote a letter about the Zionist International Organization in 1936.

 At that time, the secret service was divided into two parts: SD and Gustabo. They were both under the command of Heidresch, leaving a margin of space to work freely.

 His boss, Mendelstein, however, declared his deep sympathy with Zionism and his despise against Julius Strauss’s Anti-Semitism. He also spread Zionism among the German public, as Tom Siegief says, and transferred information Natslar (the Jewish official who accompanied him to Palestine.)

 When Mandelstien left the SD in 1936, he was substituted for Dieter Wiselsinsy who was less sympathetic with Zionism.

 But the most dangerous development that the official history tries to conceal is what happened by the end of 1937, as detailed by Tom Siegief in the ‘Seventh Million’, when an eminent figure in the Nazis Party, Auto Van Budelschweig, Medlstien’s friend, and the previous negotiator in Haifa, drew the attention of the second section in the services to the importance of cooperating with Hagana through Germany’s Jews. He had a close relationship with Vovel Bulx, one of the officials of this organization.

So, an invitation was sent to Bulx to visit Berlin, where he was welcomed by Ichman on February 16, 1937. Bulx confirmed for his host that the Zionist officials are completely satisfied with the policy of the German government which encourages immigration. This terrorist official invited Ichman to visit the Jewish settlements. When Ichman submitted his report about the visit to his superiors, one of them, Frank Sechs, informed Hiedresch of the report on June 17, 1937, suggesting giving guarantees to Bulx that are to pressure on the German Jewish nationalist organizing institutions to oblige the Jewish immigrants to immigrate to Palestine only and not any other place.

 By the end of September, Ichman and Haggen left Constanza Harbor in Romania to Haifa where the first had a journalist ID granted to him by the owner of Berlin Thagiblat newspaper, Hans Laschman, and the other had a student ID in his possession.

 They entered Haifa and visited Al Karmel Mount then went to Alexandria and then Cairo where they tried to return, via permission from the British Consulate, and meet the Hagana delegation, but the English refused giving them the visas. Bulx consequently came to Cairo and the meeting took place in Grroppi Café.

Other currents in the German Authority and the Arabs:

 But were all the currents inside the Nazis regime supportive to Zionism?

Was this support evident to establish a state?

 A man like Bilochewante, manager of Riverat Deutscland, considered that establishing a Jewish entity in Palestine, even under the British control (mandate), shall back up the power of the World Jewish Group.

 When he knew in 1934 that a German Zionist official, Sigefrid Shern, had gone to Paris to convinve Japotinski in easing the Jewish siege on Germany, he wrote a detailed letter addressed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs complaining about permitting German Zionists to contact international Zionist figures to discuss inner affairs of the Third Reich with outside authorities. His letter contained a profound reserve against Zionism.

 Besides, there were also some parties within the secret service itself that considered the declaration of a Jewish state, or the establishing of Palestine under a Jewish ruling will create an enemy for Germany. An enemy that shall have a great impact and influence on the future of the Middle East as reported by Carl Schlons. This state would provide a special protection for the Jewish minorities in the world, providing at the same time a legitimate protection for the international activities of Judaism.

 Another third party which opposed the approach with Zionism was the “Foreign Assigned Organization” in the Nazis Party which was established in 1930 and officially legitimatize in 1934. Among the effects in its attitude was the attitude of the German Non-Jewish community in Palestine who was upset from the Jewish immigration. The most upsetting issue to these Germans was that they had to pass through the Havara Trust and Transfer Office to perform their transaction with their homeland. They even became more upset after the Revolution of 1936, when the English divided the country among Arab, Jews and English and the German agricultural settlements found themselves within the Jewish areas while their owners refused to be in the Hebrew state to come.

 In the middle of such atmosphere, Arab attempted to prevent the Germans from encouraging the Jewish immigration to their countries.

 We should stop in front of an issue that has been a controversial one and has always been exploited by the Zionist against the Arab: Hajj Amin El Husseini.

Here we should mention many facts:

 While leading the Palestinian struggle, Hajj Husseini had to contact all major powers that influence the Palestinian – Zionist situation, especially immigration. Germany before the war was one of these powers as Britain, France or others.

These contacts actually began about Havara agreement, that is, to stop the Nazis – Zionsit cooperation, and Housseini was not the first to start such contacts.

 Iraq was the most important Arabian power at that time and a member of the League of Nations. Its Minister of Foreign Affairs, Younes El Sabawi, graduated in Germany, spoke German fluently. He translated My Struggle into Arabic and thus though he was able to interfere effectively. El Sabawi called for the German Ambassador to Baghdad and conveyed his country’s protest against Havara agreement and its desire to stop it. The Ambassador promised him of good results but nothing happened.

 Later, Bludan Conference was held in Syria. It included two hundred Arab representatives who discussed the revolutions in Palestine and also discussed Havara.

 Later, Hajj Housseini decided to interfere and called the German Consular in Jerusalem and sent his assistant Younes Bahri, and another delegate, and so on. All promises to stop working with Havara were not fulfilled.

 Since there were two directions in the German Administration, as we mentioned before, as for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, the opposing party for this project encouraged Hajj Amin and he tried to rely on this side, in an attempt that we cannot fully discuss its developments.

 Gobbles Overthrow: Crystal Night (Eve):

 Immigration policy was hit by a historic frustration in 1938 by the extremist of the Party led by Gobbles. This frustration might be called ‘Gobbles Overthrow’ because the German historian Heinz Hohen regards the break out of violence as an upheaval in the Party on the dominating role of the secret service in the Reich’s Jewish Policy. He added that it wasn’t any coincidence that Gobbles, depending on Striescher, didn’t consult Heidresch or Himler. Hitler found himself face to face with the actual

 Gobbles exploited the incident of the assassination of the Cultural Attaché in Paris by a young Polish Jew protesting on the measures of deportation of the Polish Jews from Germany to initiate on 9-10 November 1938 a terrible violent night against the Jews. This night was known as the Crystal Night.

 Himler and his superiors went mad. Some declared that they were terrified because of the massacre; others said that it had lost a moral battle; others were upset. Goring interfered to declare the responsibility of Gobbles’ stupid work for deforming the reputation of Germany overseas. Hitler then substituted Gobbles for Goring and assigned him alone to the Jewish issue.

 While everyone understood that this operation was aimed at immigration, Hitler decided the issue by ordering on January 24, 1939 Heidresch to resume immigration in more systematic and organized manner after the Central Administration of Immigration was formed.

 In Palestine, the situation was worse that 1938. On May 1939 the British Administration decided to prohibit the Jews from buying plots and decided to end immigration on the first of October.

 Emigration from Germany continued confidentially because of the cooperation of the secret service with Haganah, led by Eliaho Colomb who had established in 1937 an immigration office named Mossad (Elyabes). German authorities increased its support to this office as the British authorities pressured it. In the summer of 1939, the German authorities gave Bino Jeinsborg, Mossad agent who had arrived in Germany with two other agents, the right to transfer the Jews from Germany by sea to Palestine from Hamburg and Emden harbors. He put a plan that stipulated the immigration of ten thousand Jews in October 1939 to Palestine, but war broke out.

 Jebensborg wrote, “Our offices were in front of the offices of the Gustabo and they knew exactly who we were, and what we were doing. Illegality only began by the shores of Palestine.”

 It might be necessary to stop here if it weren’t for a last important and exciting event that took place after the war broke out, that is, 1941. This event was the proposal of a new cooperation known as Ankara’s Document.

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 The Confidential Agreement between Stern Gang

and the Third Reich

One of the most amazing eras in history, not only the in the history of the Judaism return, but also the history of World War II, is the coalition proposal presented by the Jewish terrorist officials by Stern Gang to the nationalist socialist officials in Germany in 1941 to fight against the English. This unbelievable story counts on accurate documents and certificates. It would be a mad and marginal story if Isaac Shamir, Israeli PM to come, and the military leader of stern, had not been involved.

The poor military equipment of the Italians in Libya and Greece has convinced Stern Gang that Italy doesn’t possess its political equipment contrary to Germany that was moving from one victory to another in 1940. These victories impressed Stern gang and made them go forward with a mad and desperate adventure: Building a coalition with Nazis Germany. Until February 1941, Stern gang worked on turning this objective into a reality based on a special analysis to the situation of Judaism. Stern gang regarded Britain as the real enemy and not Germany who was only one of the tyrants that the Jews encountered during their long history. Here emerged Stern’s main mistake: They regarded Nazism as a movement powered by rational Anti-Semitism, which Jabotinsky called Anti-Semitism of things. Therefore, sending envoy Neftasky Levonchek to Beirut in 1941 to meet with Auto Von Hinking, responsible official for the department of orient in the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs was limited to one mere pragmatic goal: Forming a unified front against England. The context, after stating the unity of interests between the goals of the new European system pursuant to the German vision and the real expectations of the Jewish people’s nationalism, mentions two important ideas: Cooperation between the new Germany and the newborn Hebrew popular nationalism through the contribution of this movement in the war next to the Reich and the radical positive solution for the European Jews by intensively transferring and sending them to Palestine and establishing of the Jewish historic state on the basis of nationalistic comprehensive base after connecting it with an agreement with the German Reich.

 Reich - Zionist Front against the English

 As of the beginning of 1941, Lobencheck, a secret envoy by Stern gang, offered a military truce between the military nationalistic organization (that is, Aragun that Stern was only a separated party of it) and Germany. Although this agreement was being made behind the walls of silence, it became publicly known as Ankara Text and was conveyed to Berlin on January 11, 1941. Later, it was found in the archive of the German Embassy in Turkey. Below is its full context:

“The main officials in National Socialist Germany have insisted in all their statements and declarations that a new system in Europe must be imposed. The said system must include the final and radical solution of the Jews through transfer. Transferring the Jewish public of Europe is the first phase in solving their issue. Anyhow, the only means to reach this end is to settle the Jewish people in its homeland, Palestine, and establishing a national Jewish state there within its historical frontiers. The goal of these long years of this political strife and the movement’s struggle for the freedom of Israel and the National Military Organization in Palestine have always been to solve the Jewish issue in this same way and liberate the Jewish people forever. The National Military Organization that is aware of the good intentions of the Reich and its representative showed towards Zionism and the Zionist program hereby suggests working in the following points:

    1.      There are common interests between the new European system which is built on the German concept and the real national expectations of the Jewish people, as defended by the National Military Organization.

 2.      There is a possible cooperation between new Germany and a modern, fundamentalist Jewish party.

     3.      Establishing the historic Jewish state on the basis of national bases and its connection with the Reich with a treaty contributes in keeping and supporting the German existence in the Middle East.

 On the basis of the above, and in case the Reich’s government recognized the national expectations of the movement to retrieve the freedom of Israel, the national military organization in Palestine hereby offers to contribute to a vital part in the war next to Germany. This offer may include an economic, military or intelligence actions in Palestine, and some other arrangements within and without Palestine. In return, the Jews of Eastern Europe are to be trained militarily and organized into military units under the supervision and management of the National Military Organization. In case a united front was achieved, these units would take its share in combating to occupy Palestine. The indirect contribution of the Movement for the freedom of Israel in the new European system, which is still in its preparatory phases, shall powerfully support the moral basics of the new European system before all humanity if it was associated with the possibility to find a radical solution for the Jews’ issue in Europe on the basis of the national hopes of the Jewish people. Moreover, the cooperation with the movement of the Liberation of Israel shall be harmonic with an address delivered by the Chancellor Hitler. He ascertained that he calls for all coalitions that aim to isolate and defeat England.

 The National Military Organization consists of a group of Jewish snipers in Palestine and a group of the new Jewish organization. The National Military Organization was closely connected to the latter through Jabotensky and until he died. However, the attitude of the New Jewish Organization in Palestine that support the English made it impossible for renewing this personal unity and lead to a full disconnection of relationships in the fall of this year and the National Military Organization resumed its actions after this separation.

 The purpose of the National Military Organization is to erect a Jewish state within its historical frontiers, and oppositely to all Zionist directions, the organization refuses the idea that says that the colonial imperial sneak is the only way to enter the country and possessing it gradually. Its password was: Fighting and sacrificing lead to the only way to liberate and occupy Palestine. Due to its military nature and its enmity with the English, which makes it the subject of continuous oppressions by the British government, the National Military Organization finds is inevitable to practice its political activities confidentially and military preparation in Palestine.

 The organization which started its operations as of 1936 was specifically distinguished as of 1939 after the first White Book was published by intensifying its activities, which ended up with success, in creating a state of confusion and boycott to the English conqueror. This made all press means at that time convey its activities and point out its secret station daily broadcast and comment on them.

 Until the beginning of the war, the organization had independent offices in Warsaw, Paris, London, and New York. The office of Warsaw mainly took care of the military organization and training Zionist national youths. It also had intimate relationships with the Jewish public that used to follow up its system enthusiastically, especially polish Jews who helped it by all possible means. It also published two newspapers in Warsaw.

 On the other hand, the office of Warsaw had very good relations with the Polish government and with the military authorities which were monitoring the efforts of the National Military Organization which in 1939 sent some of its secret units from Palestine to Poland. Polish officers trained these units in special camps. However, the negotiations that were taking place between the organization and the Polish government in order to improve its assistance notably stopped as the war broke out. Thus, the organization, due to the nature of its structure and vision of the world, is connected to the totalitarian movements in Europe. Nonetheless, it was not possible to paralyze its combat abilities in any moment due to the radical defensive measures they took against the English administration and Arabs and communists and Jews.

 In order to make this paper work, Stern gang conducted some approaching maneuvers for Alfred Roser, Officer of the German Military Intelligence, and Auto Von Hing, member of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who used to be considered the Head of the Secret Service in Damascus. Accordingly, a confidential meeting was arranged with the latter in Beirut. Auto Van Hing, Germany’s representative told Lopenchek that there was a trend in his country that supported the establishment of a Hebrew state and that resembled a practical solution for the Jewish issue. Anyhow, it was believed that this trend had become feeble so that it could no more impact the positively on the government’s decision and that it was too late to work on it. The Staff Council had inclined to secure for itself the help of the Arabs, whose population accounted millions, in its struggle against Britain in the Middle East in stead of helping the Jews who were nothing but a bunch. Despite all of that, he promised to convey the proposal to Berlin. Loupschneck didn’t receive any answer at all.

 A secret hidden for thirty years

 On 11 January 1941, the offer was sent to the German Embassy in Ankara, where it was found after the war. It is not confirmed whether the German authorities had responded to it or what the response was. It should be noted that Stern gang had sent another envoy to Von Hing. That envoy was Navan Yakin Moore, Director of the Aragun newspaper and one of the Stern three main figures, but he was arrested in Syria after the French defeat in July 1941 while he was trying to reach Turkey.

 Some questioned the authenticity of the existence of such a document until one of the historic leaders of Stern, Israel Eldad Snab, confirmed its existence when he said that his comrades had made it clear for the nationalist socialist that the identical interests between a new system in Europe based on the German vision and the expectations of the Jewish people in Palestine characterized by the fighters for the freedom of Israel (Lihi) is possible. Haaretz also revealed that there were other confidential documents including a letter addressed on January 1941 by Ambassador Franz Von Babel to his Ministry in Germany about contacts with Stern gang, and the report submitted by the secret agent Warner Auto von Hing. Houtam weekly have recently confirmed that this document was signed by Isaac Shamir and Abraham Stern and was presented to the German embassy when Rumel’s armies were still in Egypt. It seemed that Isaac Shamir (who still had his original name, Isaac Yarizensky), who had later become the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the State of Israel and its PM, later after that, was one of the persons who made and wrote that offer due to his position in Stern Organization.

Shamir was born in 1915 at Rozni, Byelorussia, where his father had founded a school to teach Hebrew language. The son soon joined the fundamental movement. He arrived in Palestine in 1935. In the next year, he became a military teacher in the Zionist Labor Cells in Tel Aviv. In 1940, he became the most intimate figures to Abraham Stern. As for this document, Shamir had to admit recently that he was fully aware of the offer project presented to the Third Reich during the climax of oppressing Jews in Europe. He, however, confirmed that he objected to the project. This confirmation doesn’t convince anyone since he was one of the key figures of the terrorist gang at that time. Baroch Nal, researcher and a member in Stern gang for a period of time before separating from it, had worked too long to know to which extent Shamir was involved in these negotiations and concluded that it was absolutely convincing that he was fully aware of it. Historian Lynni Briner describes that as a ‘well-cooked official lie’ since Shamir was assigned in Fall 1941 by Stern to organize a supporting campaign and raising funds to fill the organizations coffers so that its envoys could travel to Germany. This policy of cooperation seems that it hadn’t stopped immediately after Abraham Stern’s death and Shamir’s occupation of command. The coincidence between the timing of this move with the occurrence of a dramatic turn and event in the war raised doubts about the Reich’s ability of wining the war. These were the real reasons that made Shamir not to play the card of cooperation in his capacity as a leader of this organization.

During 1941, the British Police arrested Isaac Shamir and on February 21, 1942 Abraham Stern was killed. On September 1 of the same year, Shamir flee from Mirza Camp where he was detained and set off the movement once again under the name of Lihi (Fighters for the Liberty of Israel). In this occasion, and as the traditions rule in the terrorist organizations, Shamir executed three members in the organization who were less than twenty: Chargé of the Intelligence who was accused of dealing with the British; a member who had left combat; and the best expert in attacks who was accused of being extremely radical and uncontrollable. When Shamir became the Minister of Foreign Affairs, British reminded that he was the organizer of the two assassinations: Lord Min, the British Commissioner in Egypt on November 6, 1944 and Cont Folk Bernadote, Special Mediator of the United Nations in Palestine on September 17, 1948, after Israel had become an independent state.

 In 1946, Shamir was arrested again after the operation of King David in Jerusalem. He was sent into Asmara, Aritiria and from there he fled to Jiboti in January 1947. He was sent back to prison until the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Shuman released him and gave him the right of asylum in France according to a request from the Jewish extremist organizations there. In May 1948, Shamir emerged again in the newborn Israeli state where he continued to organize and coordinate terrorist attacks until Lihi was dissolved by a decision from Ben-Gurion after the assassination of Cont Bernadote in September 17, 1948. It is worth mentioning that Yalin Moore who was the second envoy of Stern, as we have mentioned, was arrested after the said assassination and he was sentenced to eight years imprisonment after being convicted in terrorism. The next year he was pardoned as he was elected to the Knesset. Shamir then put his acquaintance in terrorism and kidnap at the service of Mossad where he became one of the most important assistants of Izer Hail, Chief of the Secret Service, as of 1955. In 1965, when he reached retirement, he was the Head of the Mossad Special Offices in Europe. Few years later, he joined Hirout Party in 1970 to start an accelerated political life. He was elected to the Knesset in January 1973 and became the president of the Knesset two years later. He was the official spokesman of the Knesset in 1977 and replaced Moshe Daian at the Ministry of Defense in March 1980.

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