|
Back
to Studies page
·
The supremacy of the protestant culture in the
United states
·
The Intellectual Midstream in the United
States:
·
The foreign policy
·
The American Information System
In April, 1995, a great explosion took place in Oklahoma City, USA.
It was the spark that triggered a wide anti-Arab and Anti-Muslim
propaganda, as American television networks were mobilized – within
few hours – to summon analysts of and experts in the intrinsic
nature of the Muslim world that the explosion was prepared by
terrorists from Beirut and Gaza.
Throughout the next 48 hours, American mass media, including the new
York times daily newspaper, kept on informing people that the
American policeman were looking for two men of Mideastern
complexions. The New York times even published , on Friday April 12,
an editorial written by its former chief editor, A.M Rosenthal,
calling for an Arial attack against Libya and Syria(1)
.
Although accusations were later pointed at some American rightists,
the campaign against Arabs and Muslims has never stopped, ever
since, but rather took many different parts of the United states;
calling them for investigation; sending messages full of slanders
and libels by the Jewish organizations with the aim of insulting and
vilifying Arab and Muslim children at their schools; and the
stirring of the 1995 counter terrorism draft law, which allowed for
the deportation of any lawful alien resident , if and when suspected
– by the security authorities- of promoting terrorism , and
considered funding groups classified as "terrorist" a federal crime,
while according the department of justice an authority to identify
such groups. Certainly, this act constitutes a dangerous threat to
Arabs and Muslims, whose activities are already targeted in light of
the widespread "Islamic terrorism" hysteria, on the one hand, and
the relentless Zionist propaganda campaign waged by certain
organizations, institutes and study centers, on the other hand.
The same scene recurred on September 11, 2001, when Washington and
New York witnessed the attacks against the world trade center and
the pentagon, respectively. At that time, the propaganda campaign
against Arabs and Muslims was resumed more broadly and fiercely than
was the case with Oklahoma disaster, as President George Bush
declared the United States in a "state of war"(2).
Soon after, the American society was overwhelmed by the hysteric
wave of "American thought and life- style being exposed to Muslims'
aggression". As a result, many Muslims were injured, or even killed;
among them was a Hindu business man. Many other Arabs and Muslims
became the target for insults, aggressions and various types of
violence; as if it were the first move in the war on terrorism,
declared by George Bush Jr. and said to go on for more than ten
years.
In spite of all the criticism and denunciations voiced in many Arab
and Islamic capitals, especially by the late chairman of the
Palestinian authority, Yasser Arafat, who initiated a voluntary
blood donation campaign for the victims of the explosions and latter
declared the Palestinian authority's joining in with the united
states in the "war against terrorism", all this did not have the
slightest effect on the united states, which has gradually been
transformed into a factory that generates stances and terms
dedicated to portray Arabs and Muslims as the "green enemy" ( to
substitute for the red communist enemy), while matching- in every
detail- the Israeli rhetoric- a rhetoric which, from the first
moment, considered what happened in Washington and New York as
identical to what was taking place on the streets of Tel Aviv and
Jerusalem, as confirmed by the former prime minister Ariel Sharon on
the day of 9/11.
These declarations were echoed later by American officials and
congressmen, who insisted that :" the Palestinians who have recently
attacked "Israel" are of the same nature as those terrorists who
have blown up the pentagon and the world trade center… they are
against civilization and the civilized world…"(3).
Thus, the world has been split into two opposite fronts or camps:"
those who are with us; and those who are against us", to borrow the
words of the U.S president, or "those in the good camp" and "those
in the evil camp", according to American and Zionist officials
alike. The Zionist entity took its place on the "Good camp", as
excellent defender of democratic and western values, while the
Palestinian people, along with its uprising and the other
Palestinian and Arab opposition forces, took its place on" the camp
of evil and international terrorism" as defined by the united states
lexicographers. Under this motto, the aggression against the
Palestinian people became fiercer than before, as reflected by
"operation defensive shield" and later by "operation strict path",
and other excursions and assassinations, in addition to house
demolitions and leveling off farms.
Parallels to this, American and Zionist information media kept on
pumping in such terms as "terrorists, extremists, fanatics,
fundamentalists, Palestine Taliban, Palestine Bin laden" and the
Islamic threat, all of which –in addition to other headlines like "
Is Islam burying us?" and "the stretching shadows of minarets" had
an essential effect in terms of diverting the minds towards the idea
of a "Muslim enemy", whereas Islam was portrayed as a danger which
shadows the west with its threats(4).
No doubt that all the abovementioned stances raise an important
question: what are the origins of the anti-Arab and Anti-Muslim
rhetoric in the United States… and what role did the 9/11 attacks
play in supporting this role?
The origins:
Certainly, the similar stances that aroused in the aftermath
Oklahoma, Washington, and New York events, against Arabs and
Muslims, have deep roots in the American society. The constituents
of these roots are represented in the following dimensions:
Top
-
The supremacy of the protestant culture in the United states
This culture sees that "the Torah is the infallible word of God" and
confirms this idea by giving much importance and care to the "old
testament", which makes the most exalted reference for behavior and
belief in its judgment(5). The protestant culture
was the origin of "Christian- Zionism" in the US, which promises the
return of Jews to Palestine, and the establishment of "Zion", before
the return of the Messiah.
The Christian Zionism belief if that three signs will have appeared
before the return of the Messiah (6):
-
The first sign is the establishment of "Israel" which had already
happened in 1948. Hence, the Christian- Zionism in the United
States considered that event the greatest in history, because it
authenticated the religious prophecy.
-
The second sign is the occupation of Jerusalem city, from which
the Zionist evangelicals believe that the Messiah shall rule the
world after his second anticipated return. Thus, the Christian-
Zionist churches in the United States press hard for the
recognition of Jerusalem as the eternal and only capital of the
Zionist entity.
-
The third sign is the reconstruction of the "Temple Solomon" over
the ruins of Al-Aqsa Mosque and, after the completion of this
project- which is already planned and financed- comes the
Armageddon battle, which the followers of Christian- Zionism (
including the destruction movement) believe will realize a divine
scheme according to which the Jewish states will be attacked by
Muslims and infidels, leading to a bloody massacre called
Armageddon, where weapons of mass destruction will be used and
hundreds of thousands of Jews and Muslim assailants will be
killed.
The Armageddon scenario, as presented by Hal Lindsy (a leader of the
"destructionist movement") in his book "The End of Earth" assumed
the following:
1-
the establishment of Israel;
2-
the return of Diaspora Jews to the promised land;
3-
the reconstruction of the Temple of Solomon over the ruins of Al-Aqsa
mosque;
4-
A large scale attack will be waged against "Israel" by the infidels
( Muslims and Christians who do not believe in the second return of
the Messiah);
5-
The rise of a dictator much worse than Hitler, Stalin or Moe-Tsi-Tong,
who will lead the assailing forces;
6-
The control of this dictator, who is hostile to Jews , over wide
regions of the world;
7-
The conversion of 144000 Jews to Evangelical Christianity, whereas
each one of those would become like Billy Graham ( the well known
American Evangelical priest) and would travel around the world to
make other peoples convert to the evangelical religion;
8-
The Armageddon nuclear battle will take place, which will cause a
tremendous environmental catastrophe;
9-
The physical ascension of believers only, by means of a divine
miracle, over the battlefield, and their survival in spite of the
catastrophe, while the bodies of the other people will melt with the
fusing iron;
10-
All of this will happen out of the blue;
11-
The descent of the Messiah, after seven days, with all the believers
around him;
12-
The Messiah shall rule the world for one thousand years, and his
just and peaceful rule will continue until the Judgment Day…
It is worth mentioning that copies of Hal Lindsey's book were
circulated among the officials and employees of the White House and
the Pentagon and, also among the commanders of the U.S armed forces
and all the Congressmen. This book, with all its contents, has been
respected and appreciated by American officials, at least as far
back as the administration of the former president Ronald Regan, who
was quoted saying that he wished to be the one favored by God with
the honor of pressing the " nuclear button" to realize God's will in
the occurrence of Armageddon battle, which will lead to the
appearance of the Messiah.
In the United States, there exist hundreds of Zionist organizations
that have their own programs, codes and informational means. These
organizations work hard in order to generalize hatred and grudge
against Arabs and Muslims on the basis of their opposition to God,
because "... Standing against Israel is tantamount to opposing
God..." and "… Israel id the key to America's survival…" Hence, in
the Christian Zionist rhetoric, Israel embodies a divine fate and,
opposing it is a sin, since…" one can not love the Messiah unless he
loved Israel…"(8).
Accordingly, it is not surprising to know that the protestant
culture had been turned into an official rhetoric adopted by the
present American Administration, which is totally controlled by
Christian- Zionists; a fact that made these ideas an essential
ground for competition in the American elections, whether
presidential or congressional. This explains the overdose of
religious terms in President Bush's address at his inauguration
ceremony on January 20, 2001.
Top
-
The
Intellectual Midstream in the United States:
The intellectual structure in the United States is the sum of
opinions, ideas and recommendations produced by the intellectuals,
thinkers, historians, think tanks and study Centers. This structure
generally contributes to presenting a distorted picture of Islam by
relating it to terrorism, fanatism and fundamentalism. It was the
result of a work that had started long before the 9/11 attacks, when
a political and ideological position had been taken, about fifty
years ago, as explained by Dr. Hisham Sharabi (9).
The truth is that the aggregate of interaction between think-tank,
study centers and intellectuals in the United States, several
decades ago, was loaded with antagonism against Muslims and Arabs,
as confirmed by the American linguist Naom Chomsky in an interview
with "Zed" magazine published on the internet. According to Chomsky
, "… the U.S national security council arrived, back in 1958, to a
conclusion with regard to the realistic anticipated result of the
confrontation with the Arab nationalism… the main finding was that
the issue lay in supporting Israel as the only remaining state that
is still loyal to the west in the middle east region…"(10).
In the same vein, professor Antony Sullivan of Michigan University,
a fellow researcher in the center for Middle East and North Africa
studies, pointed that ".., years before the assaults on the pentagon
and the world trade center, prominent scholars had talked about the
prospects of a clash between Islam and the West, but also about the
possibility of Muslims widely supporting terrorism. Among those
scholars is Samuel Huntington of Harvard University, Bernard Louis
of Princeton University, Steven Emerson, and Daniel Pipes the expert
in international affairs…"(11).
The truth is that all who were mentioned by Sullivan had greatly
contributed to fueling antagonism against Arabs and Muslims in the
United States. The first, Samuel Huntington, the author of "the
clash of civilizations", wrote an essay in New York Times, in which
he maintained that "… the danger lies in the Muslim Youth…" and
that"… the solution must come through revitalizing the call for
birth control in order to reduce the number of potential
criminals…".
Francis Fokoyama followed the trail of Huntington when he published
an essay in the New York Times, under the title "their name is the
Modern World"(12), with a picture showing children
of the Palestinian Intifada. In his essay, fokoyama charged against
radical ideas in the Muslim world, accentuating the need to modify
Islamic education and the method of building the identity in the
Islamic societies. In addition, using what had happened on
9/11/2001, and in am attempt to reactivate the same intellectual
environment (to be consistent with the picture that has been forged
throughout the last decades), sixty American intellectual embarked
on publishing a proclamation, in several western newspapers and on
the internet, pompously preaching about America's war on evil and
terrorism as a fair war so much consistent with the American values.
This proclamation was sponsored by the American values institute.
Its signatories claimed that American and Israel are two similar
countries with similar objectives (13) and it
contained a list of "homicidal crimes" perpetrated by Muslims and
Arabs, including the killing of number of marine soldiers in Beirut
in 1982.
The late Palestinian thinker Edward Sai'd agreed with Antony
Sullivan – but from another position- over the role of scholars and
intellectuals in rallying Islam and the west against each other. In
this regard, Sai'd maintained that "… a group of scholars
specialized in Islam, like Bernard Louis, Judith Miller, Fuad Ajami,
and Daniel Pipes, write about Islam in an orientalistic style,
always framing Islam within the context of a cult of anger,
backwardness and intolerance- a view that controls the west…"
Sai'd added that "… this view of Islam has popularized a policy of
antagonism and continued ignorance, to the benefit of some parties,
especially Israel. Moreover, there is a series of articles published
by Jewish press based on Jewish proclamations that have been
prepared to be distributed –about Islamic terrorism in the west bank
and Gaza strip…"(14).
Top
-
The foreign policy
With the aim of controlling world resources, particularly in the
Arab and Islamic countries, through expansion, the American foreign
policy tended to depend on the "principle of strength" as a
precondition to establish security. This principle had been adopted
long before the 9/11 bombings, albeit with different manifestations
and numerous connotations. The pattern of force embraced by the
united states in the realm of foreign policy is the as the one used
to consolidate America's control over the world. As illustrated by
the writer "Youssef Jof", in a special edition of the American
"Foreign Affairs" magazine, published in 1997, the classic method
was to force other states into "doing" whatever you want them to do,
even by means of military force, while today the great benefit is
achieved through making other states want whatever you like. This
depends on how much temptation carried by the ideas, programs,
dogmas and institutions and on the kind of prizes offered for
cooperation. In his book, "the Tragedy of super powers' policies",
Meirz Heimer pointed out this sort of force, stating that the
Europeans had taken notice, as for back as 1949, of the fact that
the Americans and British were masters of the art of wrapping their
selfish national interests in the robe of common good. This sort of
duplicity is one of the main properties of the Anglo- Saxon
mentality. (15)
If the United States had used wrapping and duplicity in dealing with
the Europeans in the past, later on, it has been clear and plain in
its hostility to and targeting of Arabs and Muslims as of the early
seventies, as exemplified by the cases of Palestine, Afghanistan,
Iraq and the Arab-Zionist conflict.
The U.S national security strategy submitted by the U.S president to
the American congress, on September 20, 2002, contained institutions
of the kind that deemed the Islamic world a fertile land for
Terrorism, calling the American diplomatic institutions to make
greater efforts in order to help people –worldwide- know and
understand America, because "… the war on terrorism is not a clash
of civilizations, but rather a battle for the future of Islamic
world… a conflict between ideas… and this is the field where America
must prove to be superior…"(16) of course, America
must prove to be superior to those bad guys who want to abduct the
future of the Islamic world for the good of Muslims and not in the
interest of America-commanding world resources and making the
future!!!
Top
-
The American
Information System:
Within
the framework of this system are the press, the television networks
and the films produced by Hollywood. This information empire, which
sends out information and ideas to the whole world, contributes to a
distorted picture of Arabs, Muslims and their causes, particularly
the Palestinian cause. Israel, in the American perspective, is
"...the only democracy in the middle east..." It would not be
surprising to see the American mass media play this role if we knew
that there are in the U.S over 3000 daily newspapers, while the
number of weekly magazine is only about 360(17).
In addition, there are the programs transmitted by 900 radio
stations and a thousand T.V stations. Besides, there exist nine
corporations that run three leading television networks (CBS, NBC
and ABC) among the forty other T.V. stations, not to mention the
Hollywood filmdom, which is the major source of films shown in most,
if not all, world cinemas. This huge information empire plays its
role in the molding and patternization process against Arabs and
Muslims depending on three main factors:
1-
The first one manifests it self in the convergence with the U.S
government's viewpoint with regard to dealing with foreign affairs
and adopting opinions spread by powerful lobbies that transfer the
ideas of people close to the administration, like Daniel Pipes, who
sees that:"... Islam is against us…"(18). The
reason for this, according to Pipes, was not the divergence of
and/or the contradiction between interests, but rather that Islam
and the west (which includes the Zionist entity) are inherently
irreconcilable, because the west is liberal, human, enlightened and
modern, while Islam is against democracy, humanity, progress and
modernity. Hence, anyone who follows up this case can easily see
that the American mass media was never independent, as being
circulated, but rather tied with overlapping trade and governmental
interests.
2-
The second factor is that the role played by the American
intelligence agencies is making use of journalists as agents in this
realm of activity. At the same time, these agencies dominate the
process of orientating the information presented to the media
(through their agents) as a contribution to the desired picture, in
the desired direction. They also provide recommendations or findings
arrived at by researchers of their own, specialized in various
international affairs. A prominent scholars (B.F Seikver, author of
a book that the C.I.A had covered its expenses at a cost of five
million dollars) mentioned that financing scientific studies and
researches by the C.I.A basically requires the development of
different tactics needed to enable it to play its role as a tool of
American expansion. (19).
3-
The third factor relates to the Zionist-Jewish role in the edition
and production processes within the wider realm of American mass
media. This role also affects the directions of the American
information rhetoric in general and especially towards Arabs and
Muslims. Studies have clearly indicated that Jews make more than 25%
of the total number of American writers, editors and procedures in
the new networks, weekly news bulletins and especially in the four
most prominent newspapers ( New York Times, Los Angeles Times;
Washington Post; and Wall street Journal), while in fact they
constitute a much lesser percentage of the American population.
In the realm of huge fast-growing information institutions, Jews
constitutes an increasing segment. In this regard, Eugene Fisher,
director of Jewish- Catholic relations for the national congress of
catholic bishops, stated that "… if there exists a Jewish influence
of any kind, it is the influence of the word…the power of the Jewish
community- in America- is a highly educated community… they have
much to say… when you can make public opinion, you can make events…"(20).
Fisher added, pointing at the Jewish control over film industry in
the Hollywood:
"… Hollywood still represents an industry of racial nature or color…
the most prominent directors at the major studios are Jews… to a
certain degree, the same thing can be said about writers and
producers…recent studies have already shown that they own 90% of the
films that made the highest revenues…"(21).
In addition to the Jewish role in the American information media,
there exist in the United States over one hundred weekly newspaper
and another number of monthly and quarterly periodicals specialized
in Jewish affairs altogether, they are often called the "Jewish
Information media". They are published by Jewish religious and
Zionist organizations. The most prominent among these publications
are:" The Jewish Press- a Brooklyn based rightist weekly; and
"Moment"- a monthly bulletin published in Washington.
The Jewish press in the United States has certain characteristics.
It is extremely prejudiced against the "other" and always changed
and stained. In addition, the Jewish press often goes to the extreme
in libeling the others, making a racial crime out of any objective
criticism which may expose its real practices and accusing critics
of being anti-semite. This way, the Jewish press arms itself with an
awful oppressive and restraining power that muzzles anyone who
wishes to express his views to the detriment of the Zionist entity
or the Jews of America.
A group of American Jewish writers emerged in the United States to
form a vanguard dedicated to defend the Zionist entity's interest.
Among them were William Saffer, Abraham Rosenthal, Frank Rich and
Richard Cohen.
All three factors interacted within the American information media,
where they found already existent roots of hatred against Arabs and
Muslims. All this came together to draw a portrait of a back warded,
terrorist, anti-Semitic Arab, hostile to all the values of democracy
and human civilization. On the ground of such description, killing
the Arabs (as shown on television) would make
a practical solution to the problems of humanity, which
made possible the publishing of such essays written by fokoyma,
Huntington and Saffer, whereas Arabs are portrayed as Bedouins with
no right to live and no 'occupied' land to fight for. Consequently,
in order to introduce the Arab or Muslims as a "Barbaric other",
whose Islam and Qura'an
preach violence, Hollywood produced the film "An executive
Decision", in which Palestinians were presented as terrorists.
In this film, Naji Hussein ( the actor David Soche') leads a group
of Arabs and Muslims to hijack a Boeing 747 airliner on a flight
from London to Washington with 407 passengers on board, with the aim
of dropping a quantity of gas enough to kill all the residents of
the eastern coast of the U.S.(22)
The movie had been produced before the 9/11 bombings. It had
reflected the American view of Arabs and Muslims even before any
bombing or real operation happened. Clearly, the movie was totally
consistent with many other similar movies. According to related
statistics carried out at the turn of the century, of more than one
thousand movies produced by the Hollywood, only four movies were
clear of any distortion of the Arab Muslim human personality
(23).
In a lecture transmitted by Sharja satellite channel, on January 6,
2002, Dr. Nuhad Awad, head of the American –Arab committee, talked
about rectifying the picture of Islam in the eyes of the west. He
said: "… the analytic study of 700 movies displayed in America
indicated that the Arab was portrayed as a nervous and strained
person who concentrates on sex a (ladies-man)…" Awad added:"… I
asked too many American students – in a meeting- about the picture
that comes up to their minds whenever they hear the word Islam… most
of them said "terror"… and when I asked them if they had Muslim
friends, only two said: Yes…".
No doubt that all the abovementioned elements constituted the
origins of the American- Zionist rhetoric towards Arabs and Muslims.
Thus, it can be said that the portrait of the Arab Muslim had been
completely formulated apart from the 9/11/2001 events. However,
those bombings took place in a moment when the symbols of the
Zionist Christianity, or the neo conservatives, have just come to
power the Bush administration. Hence, came the overt pretext to wage
a cultural war against Arabs and Muslims (the war that Bush had
dubbed a Crusade). After that, Hollywood and the American-Zionist
media produced a cartoon that depicted the prophet Muhammad ( peace
upon him and his family) as a man driving a car loaded with nuclear
bombs to attack America… soon after, essays and cartoons of the kind
became widespread in the American- Zionist press(24).
On the basis of these common roots, the American official rhetoric
had exploited the 9/11 events and, then, United with Ariel Sharon's
rhetoric, to describe the Palestinian resistance as "terrorist". In
his various statements, the U.S president Bush talked about
Palestine, reiterating his saying that "… suicidal bombers are not
martyrs, but murderers …and the governments of the region have to do
their best to stop the terrorist activities and put an end to
provocations that glorify terrorism in mass media…"
This American rhetoric is by no means new to the successive American
administrations. However, it is now more definitive, detailed and
powerful than ever. It holds the prospect of forcing American and
Zionist terms and concepts keenly consistent with the American-
Zionist information campaigns that work relentlessly in order to
deform the picture of the Palestinian people and transform it into a
bunch of terrorists who carry out operations "stupidly and
idiotically", to borrow the words of Thomas Friedman and the
American officials and information media men alike.
It is worth mentioning that the "American national security
strategy" let loose when it called "the war of ideas for the battle
against international terrorism" and gave a "green light" to
undertake information operations. It seems that the misleading
rhetoric adopted by the U.S and the Zionist entity, vis-à-vis the
intifada, Iraq and Afghanistan had been dependent on the strategy,
whereas the former secretary of defense, Ramsfeld, had established a
special bureau inside the pentagon, specialized in misleading, lying
and feigning, although dealing with propaganda and hearsay affairs
had been a function of the state department and the C.I.A. however,
the weak performance of the two, during the war in Afghanistan,
endowed the pentagon with an additional role in improving or
vanishing the profile of the American campaign.
Ramsfeld had decided to establish this bureau of strategic
influence with an exclusive mission: to spread fabricated news and
information distributed under the supervision of Rindon Group Co.
(25) a public relation company which provides the Zionist
entity with information advice, the last of which was the
supervision of the document of "The Israeli information
priorities-2003" which clearly defines the Zionist American common
ground within the context of the information rhetoric. Noteworthy
here is that this company made effective use of the fibs and
fabrications of the bureau of strategic influence during the
American aggression on Iraq.
Top
A Last Word
No doubt that, in the face of the Zionist- American rhetoric, which
has moved to the new stage of attacking school curricula in
Palestine, Iraq and even in Saudi Arabia, the Arab information media
is required to stop being so much compliant with the Zionist-
American rhetoric, in some of its terms and viewpoints that foist
poison into honey, and to move to a new stage in which it can
benefit from the information technology to introduce a logical
information rhetoric void of irritation and monotony and capable of
exposing the real Zionist- American targeted efforts and unveiling
the purposes behind their rhetoric: subjugation and making people
kneel down, in order to control resources and guarantee the future
of the Zionist entity, since it represents a supporting base for the
United States in our countries.
The required Arab and Islamic information role must begin with a
commitment to and defense of the causes of the nation, while
addressing the whole world in its language ( by adopting an
exquisite mechanism) in order to gain its support in the
confrontation with whatever might be prepared in Washington and Tel
Aviv for the future of the nation. Certainly, for the sake of the
nation, all responsible political, diplomatic, cultural and
intellectual institutions must join in.
Unless each of these institutions participates in this mission and
this role, the proverb:" … I was eaten the same day the white ox was
eaten…" will certainly and rightfully apply to Arabs and Muslims.
Notes
1-
The Lebanese Alhayat, "the independent American information media
and the Oklahoma accident", Edward Saed, 8/5/1995.
2-
Statements of President George Bush Jr., shortly after the
airliners' clash into the pentagon and the Twin Towers of the world
trade center, various Arab newspapers, 12/9/2001.
3-
Al-Mustaqbal Lebanese daily – "Towards a strategy to resist Israeli
American war", Azmi Bishara, 4/4/2002.
4-
The International policy- "The portrait of Islam in the western
information media" no. 147, January 2002, Khalid el-Asswar.
5-
Al-Khaleej El-Imaratiya " political projections on the
interpretations of the Torah", Dr. Youssef El-Hasan, 16/2/2003.
6-
"Christian- Zionism"- Muhammad El Sammak, Dar El nafaess, Beirut
p.72.
7-
See not (5).
8-
Al-Khaleej El-Imaratiya, Christian Zionism and its role in the
American decision making process", 15/2/2003.
9-
Al-Arabi, Egypt, 3/3/2002, "A dialogue with Dr. Hisham Sharabi".
10-
Al-Khaleej El-Imaratiya, "A dialogue with Naom Chomsky", 11/4/2002.
11-
The international policy – "The U.S position vis-à-vis the states of
the world", January 2002, no.148.
12-
Al Khaleej Elthaqafy "A Dialogue with Francis Fokoyama", Muhammad El
Sotuhi, 7/3/2002.
13-
The Lebanese Al-Hayat, "Ideas about America's security, Edward Saed,
7/3/2002.
14-
The Lebanese Al-Hayat," the Imperialist culture" raises a Debate
in the West", Amina Khyri, 19/3/1993.
15-
Al-Khaleej El-Imaratiya, " the American foreign policy between
the pool table and the Spider Web", 9/8/2003.
16-
See, for example, "Bush's Doctrine", published in many Arab
newspapers and on the web.
17-
Al-Khaleej El-Imaratiya, " the tragedy of the abduction of the
American mind ", Muhammad Jalal Inayat, 5/9/2003.
18-
Al-Hayat " The independent American…" op.cit/
19-
A National breakthrough, Dr. Rifaat sayed Ahmad, Cairo, p.72.
20-
The American information media and the Arab-Zionist conflict",
Michael piper, Zayed center for coordination and follow up", p.73.
21-
Op.cit.
22-
Al- Hayat, " the dirty secret of Hollywood", Jack Shahine,
20/4/1996.
23-
Al-Dustur (Jordan), the image of the Arabs after 9/11" Khalil El
swahri, 15/9/2003.
24-
A lecture, Dr. Nuhad Awad, Sharja satellite channel, December
6/2002.
25-
Al- Hayat, "America won a war it did not wage", 3/11/2002.
|
